Risk Factors Associated with Endometriosis in Reproductive-Aged Women: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and adhesions. It affects millions of reproductive-aged women worldwide, often causing debilitating pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Maternity Center, Madhupur, Tangail, Bangladesh during the period from January 2024 to December 2024, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January 2023 and December 2023. A total of 200 patients were selected as study subjects considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages) were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors. Result: The majority of patients were aged 26–35 years, with a normal BMI and a significant proportion being nulliparous. Early menarche (<12 years), short menstrual cycles (<26 days), infertility, and a family history of endometriosis were significant risk factors. Chronic pelvic pain (64%) and dysmenorrhea (58%) were the most prevalent symptoms, with strong associations with family history and menstrual irregularities. Laparoscopic findings confirmed ovarian endometriotic lesions in 55% of cases, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing endometriosis effectively. Conclusion: This study identifies key risk factors associated with endometriosis in reproductive-aged women attending a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, including a family history of endometriosis, early menarche, short menstrual cycles, and infertility.