Effects of Daily Almond Consumption on Blood Pressure, Glycemic Status, and Obesity of Male & Female

Abstract

Background: Almonds (Prunus dulcis) are widely recognized for their health benefits, particularly in managing key health indicators such as blood pressure, glycemic status, and obesity. Their nutrient-rich profile, including healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, has been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of daily almond consumption on blood pressure, glycemic status, and obesity in adults aged 35-55 years over a 12-week period. Methods: Seventy-two participants (40 in the study group and 32 in the control group) were enrolled in this interventional study. The study group consumed 30 grams of almonds daily, while the control group did not. Measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and HbA1c were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with paired and unpaired t-tests. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study group demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, from 103.92 ± 5.90 cm to 97.85 ± 3.82 cm (p < 0.001), reflecting a 5.9% reduction. Blood pressure showed a modest but non-significant reduction in systolic (SBP: p = 0.121) and diastolic (DBP: p = 0.101) values, with a decrease of 3.3 mmHg (SBP) and 2.7 mmHg (DBP). Glycemic status showed non-significant changes in fasting glucose levels (p = 0.293), but HbA1c decreased significantly from 7.06% to 6.61% (p < 0.001), indicating an improvement in long-term blood glucose control. The control group exhibited minimal changes in all measured parameters. Conclusion: Regular almond consumption significantly reduces waist circumference and improves glycemic control, with a modest effect on blood pressure, suggesting almonds as an effective dietary intervention.