Association Between Uric Acid Level and Chronic Kidney Disease in Bangladeshi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Elevated serum uric acid levels have been implicated as a potential risk factor for CKD. This study aims to investigate the association between serum uric acid levels and CKD among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from January 2024 to December 2024 in Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital involving 300 participants, including 150 individuals diagnosed with CKD and 150 age- and sex-matched controls without CKD. Demographic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Serum uric acid levels were measured, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with CKD. Results: The mean serum uric acid level was significantly higher in the CKD group (6.5 ± 1.2 mg/dL) compared to the non-CKD group (5.2 ± 1.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression revealed that elevated serum uric acid levels were associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.56–3.52, p < 0.001) for CKD. Multivariate analysis confirmed that high serum uric acid levels remained independently associated with CKD (adjusted OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.70–3.83, p < 0.001), along with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study shows that among people from Bangladesh, increased serum uric acid levels are significantly associated with chronic renal disease. Monitoring serum uric acid levels may serve as an effective strategy for early identification of individuals at risk for CKD, particularly in the context of hypertension and diabetes.