Assessment of Clinical and Demographic Findings of Haematological Malignancies in Hospital Admitted Patients

Abstract

Background: Hematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, represent a significant subset of global cancer burden. These disorders differ in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and prognosis. In low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh, their incidence is rising due to limited public awareness, environmental exposures, and delayed diagnosis. Understanding socio-demographic and clinico-hematological profiles is crucial for early detection and optimal management. Objective: To assess the socio-demographic and clinico-hematological characteristics of patients with hematological malignancies and to classify the types among hospitalized patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from January to July 2019. A total of 100 newly diagnosed patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma, aged 5–60 years, were selected using purposive sampling. Data on socio-demographic variables, clinical features, and laboratory findings were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0, with Chi-square tests applied for categorical data. Results: Among 100 patients, the majority were aged 16–30 years (57%), with a mean age of 31.35 ± 8.74 years. Males constituted 57% of the cohort, and 58% were from urban areas. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was the most common malignancy (34%), followed by acute leukemia. Smoking was identified as the leading risk factor (47%). The most frequent clinical presentations included generalized weakness (87%) and anemia (81%). Significant improvements were noted in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, and bone marrow plasma cell percentages following treatment, whereas changes in biochemical parameters were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study highlights the distribution and characteristics of hematological malignancies in a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. The findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness, early diagnostic strategies, and the establishment of a national cancer registry to improve outcomes in affected patients.