Clinical Outcomes of Oral Cavity Reconstruction Using Nasolabial Flaps

Abstract

Background: Reconstruction of oral cavity defects is critical for restoring speech, mastication, and aesthetics. In resource-limited settings, nasolabial flaps offer a reliable alternative to microvascular free flaps for small to moderate defects. The current study aimed to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes following nasolabial flap reconstruction in oral cavity defects and identify predictors of postoperative complications. Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients undergoing nasolabial flap reconstruction at a tertiary center. Demographic data, etiology of defect, surgical details, complications, and 6-month functional outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of complications. Results: Most defects were due to malignant tumor resection (64%). Unilateral flaps were used in 70% of patients. Complication rate was 34%, with trismus (10%) and wound dehiscence (8%) most common. At 6 months, 84% had mouth opening ≥30 mm, 60% resumed solid diets, and 84% had good to excellent speech intelligibility. Independent predictors of complications included age ≥60 years (p=0.047), smoking (p=0.028), comorbidities (p=0.048), and operation time ≥2 hours (p=0.049). Conclusion: Nasolabial flaps are effective for oral cavity reconstruction with favorable functional outcomes and acceptable complication rates. Risk stratification is essential to minimize postoperative morbidity.