Effect of Risk Factors on Short Term Mortality in Patients of Stroke with Hyperglycaemia

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the developed world after ischaemic heart disease and all cancers and is the most common cause of physical disability. Hyperglycaemia on admission is well known risk factor for increased short-term mortality and also for increased rate of haemorrhagic conversion after thrombolytic therapy in ishchaemic stroke. Objectives: To study the effect of hyperglycaemia on the 30-day prognosis of patients admitted with stroke and its relationship with other risk factors Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based prospective study carried out in patients admitted in the Neuro-Medicine and Medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital admitted with the diagnosis of Stroke as confirmed by imaging of the brain (CT scan or MRI) From January 2008 to January 2009. 100 consecutive patients of stroke having a raised blood sugar level (above 10.0 mmol/l) formed the study group while 100 similar patients of stroke with normal blood sugar level (less than 8.00 mmol/l) constituted the control group. Results: Total 200 patients were enrolled. Highest number of both male and female patients were between ages 51 and 65 (42.2% male & 53.3% female). Highest mortality was from age group 35-50 years (20.1%), which was statistically significant(p<.05) Mortality was more in male both among normoglycaemic (4.8) and hyperglycaemic group; here mortality was significantly higher in male(p<.05). Moreover, patients with Glasgow coma scale below 8 0n admission had the highest mortality. Conclusion: Male sex, middle age (35-50years), and Glasgow coma scale below 8 were established as poor outcome predictors in stroke patients along with hyperglycaemia. Several studies support these findings except the factor named Middle age. More large-scale studies should be conducted to look into the matter.