Evaluation of Histopathological Findings of Right-Sided Colonic Carcinoma in A Tertiary Level Hospital

Abstract

Background: Right-sided colonic carcinoma, encompassing cancers that occur in the caecum, ascending colon, and hepatic flexure, is a significant clinical concern due to its often-late presentation and aggressive nature. This type of cancer accounts for a substantial portion of colorectal malignancies, and its prognosis is closely related to factors such as the site of the tumor, stage at diagnosis, and metastatic spread. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2012 to January 2013. 100 patients who had undergone operative treatment for carcinoma of the right colon in different surgical units of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in the study. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS-16. Result: This study reveals that most patients were in the 51-60 years age group, with males (74%) being more affected than females (26%). Most tumors were moderately differentiated, followed by well-differentiated tumors, with a smaller proportion being poorly differentiated. Perioperative findings indicated a high prevalence of mobile growth with lymph node involvement, with a significant number of cases showing advanced diseases such as liver metastasis, peritoneal seeding, and ascites. Dukes' staging showed that 48% of cases were stage A, primarily in the caecum, while 36% were stage D, with ascending colon cancer associated with the poorest outcomes and more frequent liver involvement. Conclusion: This study shows the predominance of well- and moderately differentiated tumors, with a notable proportion of poorly differentiated cases. Perioperative findings indicate a high frequency of lymph node involvement, metastasis, and peritoneal seeding, suggesting advanced disease at presentation.