Pattern and Outcome of Dengue Fever Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka: A One-Year Observational Study

Abstract

Background:  Dengue fever is a vector-borne viral infection that continues to be a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including Bangladesh. The disease manifests in a range of clinical presentations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This study aims to explore the demographic and clinical characteristics of dengue patients, seasonal patterns, and the clinical outcomes of those treated at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Methods: This one-year observational study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, to evaluate the pattern and outcomes of dengue fever cases. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with dengue fever were considered as the study subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.  Result: The study found that dengue fever primarily affected young adults, with the 19–30 years age group being most prevalent. Fever (100%), headache (80%), and myalgia/arthralgia (75%) were the most common symptoms, with 20% of patients showing signs of severe disease, such as bleeding manifestations. The disease severity included 65% with dengue fever, 25% with dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 10% with dengue shock syndrome. Laboratory results revealed significant thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT), while treatment focused mainly on symptomatic management and intravenous fluids. The overall mortality rate was low at 2%.  Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of dengue fever in Dhaka, with seasonal outbreaks coinciding with the monsoon period. The findings demonstrate that male adults, particularly in the age groups of 19–40 years, are most affected. The majority of cases presented with classic symptoms such as fever, headache, and myalgia, with a notable proportion progressing to severe forms like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.