Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination of Used Toothbrushes in Smokers' Washroom and Non-Washroom Environments

Abstract

Background: The toothbrush, a vital tool for oral hygiene, is often overlooked regarding its cleanliness. Smoking, a known risk factor for oral diseases, alters oral microbiota. This study investigates microbial contamination of toothbrushes in different storage conditions and its association with smoking. By analyzing contamination in toothbrushes used by adult male smokers and non-smokers, we aim to highlight this neglected aspect of oral hygiene. Methods: Sixty used toothbrushes from healthy smokers and non-smokers were analyzed. Participants stored toothbrushes either inside (washroom) or outside (non-washroom) the bathroom. The study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh (2019–2022). Samples were randomly selected, placed in sterile containers with brain heart agar, and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Further analysis was conducted using blood agar and McConkey’s agar. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the primary contaminant in all groups. A significant correlation was found between non-smokers storing toothbrushes outside the washroom and smokers keeping them inside, as indicated by Pearson’s correlation test (P = 0.050). Conclusion: Toothbrushes of both smokers and non-smokers showed significant microbial contamination, irrespective of storage conditions, increasing the risk of dental diseases. Proper toothbrush hygiene is essential to minimize contamination.