Evaluation of Postoperative Neurological Recovery and Quality of Life After Decompressive Spine Surgery in Degenerative Conditions

Abstract

Background: Degenerative spine conditions, including spinal stenosis and herniated discs, significantly impair patient mobility and quality of life (QoL). Decompressive spine surgery is a common intervention, but its postoperative neurological recovery and impact on QoL require detailed analysis. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the postoperative neurological recovery and QoL following decompressive spine surgery in patients with degenerative spine conditions at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Methods: A total of 164 patients who underwent decompressive spine surgery between January 2021 and June 2023 were included. Neurological recovery was assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and ASIA impairment scale. QoL was measured using the SF-36 and EQ-5D questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and regression analysis to determine the correlation between recovery outcomes and various factors such as age, comorbidities, and surgical technique. Results: Neurological recovery showed significant improvement, with 85% of patients achieving at least moderate improvement within 12 months. The mean preoperative mRS score was 3.2 (SD 1.1), and the mean postoperative score was 1.5 (SD 0.9), reflecting significant recovery (p<0.01). QoL, measured by the SF-36, improved by 40% in physical functioning (p<0.05) and 35% in emotional well-being (p<0.05). Regression analysis identified age and comorbidities as significant predictors of postoperative recovery. Standard deviation analysis revealed a higher variance in outcomes among older patients (SD 2.4) compared to younger ones (SD 1.3), emphasizing the influence of patient demographics on recovery. Conclusion: Decompressive spine surgery leads to significant improvements in both neurological recovery and QoL. Early intervention, tailored rehabilitation, and patient-specific factors, such as age and comorbidities, should be considered to optimize outcomes.