Evaluation of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonates

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide and the outcomes of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are devastating and permanent, making it a major burden for the family and society. Objective: To assess cardiovascular and pulmonary function in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi over a period of 2years from July 2021 to June 2023. The study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Rajshahi Medical College and consent from the guardian of patients. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total number of 70 neonates with HIE stage II and III were included in this study. Results: Out of 70 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates, 55.70% neonates had stage-II and 44.30% had stage-III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Mean age of the neonates was 10.81±8.08 hours, about 68.60% were male and 31.40% were female. Most of the neonates 71.43% had pulmonary dysfunction, 57.10% had cardiovascular dysfunction. Conclusion: There was statistically significant cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction (p< 0.001) as well as significant difference between the stage II and stage III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates in terms of cardiovascular and pulmonary (p< 0.05) dysfunctions.